主控台測試

• 簡介
• 預期成功 / 預期失敗
• 預期輸入 / 預期輸出
• Console 事件

簡介

在 Laravel 中除了能簡單地測試 HTTP 外，Laravel 還提供了一個簡單的 API 來測試專案的自訂主控台指令。

預期成功 / 失敗

若要開始，讓我們先來看看如何針對 Artisan 指令的結束代碼 (Exit Code) 作 Assertion (判斷提示)。為此，我們將使用 artisan 方法來在測試中叫用 Artisan 指令。接著，我們會使用 assertExitCode 方法來判斷該指令是否以給定的結束代碼完成：

1test('console command', function () {
2    $this->artisan('inspire')->assertExitCode(0);
3});
1test('console command', function () {
2    $this->artisan('inspire')->assertExitCode(0);
3});

1/**
2 * Test a console command.
3 */
4public function test_console_command(): void
5{
6    $this->artisan('inspire')->assertExitCode(0);
7}
1/**
2 * Test a console command.
3 */
4public function test_console_command(): void
5{
6    $this->artisan('inspire')->assertExitCode(0);
7}

可以使用 assertNotExitCode 方法來判斷該指令是否不以給定結束代碼終止：

1$this->artisan('inspire')->assertNotExitCode(1);
1$this->artisan('inspire')->assertNotExitCode(1);

當然，一般來說，所有以狀態碼 0 結束的終端機指令通常都代表成功，而非 0 的結束代碼則代表不成功。因此，為了方便起見，我們可以使用 assertSuccessful 與 assertFailed Assertion 來判斷給定的指令是否以成功結束碼退出：

1$this->artisan('inspire')->assertSuccessful();
2 
3$this->artisan('inspire')->assertFailed();
1$this->artisan('inspire')->assertSuccessful();
2 
3$this->artisan('inspire')->assertFailed();

預期的輸入／輸出

Laravel 能讓你輕鬆地通過 expectsQuestion 方法來為主控台指令「模擬（Mock）」使用者輸入。此外，還可以通過 assertExitCode 與 expectsOutput 來指定主控台預期的結束代碼與輸出文字。舉例來說，假設有下列主控台指令：

 1Artisan::command('question', function () {
 2    $name = $this->ask('What is your name?');
 3 
 4    $language = $this->choice('Which language do you prefer?', [
 5        'PHP',
 6        'Ruby',
 7        'Python',
 8    ]);
 9 
10    $this->line('Your name is '.$name.' and you prefer '.$language.'.');
11});
 1Artisan::command('question', function () {
 2    $name = $this->ask('What is your name?');
 3 
 4    $language = $this->choice('Which language do you prefer?', [
 5        'PHP',
 6        'Ruby',
 7        'Python',
 8    ]);
 9 
10    $this->line('Your name is '.$name.' and you prefer '.$language.'.');
11});

可以通過下列這個使用了 expectsQuestion, expectsOutput, doesntExpectOutput, expectsOutputToContain, doesntExpectOutputToContain 與 assertExitCode 方法的測試來測試該指令：

 1test('console command', function () {
 2    $this->artisan('question')
 3         ->expectsQuestion('What is your name?', 'Taylor Otwell')
 4         ->expectsQuestion('Which language do you prefer?', 'PHP')
 5         ->expectsOutput('Your name is Taylor Otwell and you prefer PHP.')
 6         ->doesntExpectOutput('Your name is Taylor Otwell and you prefer Ruby.')
 7         ->expectsOutputToContain('Taylor Otwell')
 8         ->doesntExpectOutputToContain('you prefer Ruby')
 9         ->assertExitCode(0);
10});
 1test('console command', function () {
 2    $this->artisan('question')
 3         ->expectsQuestion('What is your name?', 'Taylor Otwell')
 4         ->expectsQuestion('Which language do you prefer?', 'PHP')
 5         ->expectsOutput('Your name is Taylor Otwell and you prefer PHP.')
 6         ->doesntExpectOutput('Your name is Taylor Otwell and you prefer Ruby.')
 7         ->expectsOutputToContain('Taylor Otwell')
 8         ->doesntExpectOutputToContain('you prefer Ruby')
 9         ->assertExitCode(0);
10});

 1/**
 2 * Test a console command.
 3 */
 4public function test_console_command(): void
 5{
 6    $this->artisan('question')
 7         ->expectsQuestion('What is your name?', 'Taylor Otwell')
 8         ->expectsQuestion('Which language do you prefer?', 'PHP')
 9         ->expectsOutput('Your name is Taylor Otwell and you prefer PHP.')
10         ->doesntExpectOutput('Your name is Taylor Otwell and you prefer Ruby.')
11         ->expectsOutputToContain('Taylor Otwell')
12         ->doesntExpectOutputToContain('you prefer Ruby')
13         ->assertExitCode(0);
14}
 1/**
 2 * Test a console command.
 3 */
 4public function test_console_command(): void
 5{
 6    $this->artisan('question')
 7         ->expectsQuestion('What is your name?', 'Taylor Otwell')
 8         ->expectsQuestion('Which language do you prefer?', 'PHP')
 9         ->expectsOutput('Your name is Taylor Otwell and you prefer PHP.')
10         ->doesntExpectOutput('Your name is Taylor Otwell and you prefer Ruby.')
11         ->expectsOutputToContain('Taylor Otwell')
12         ->doesntExpectOutputToContain('you prefer Ruby')
13         ->assertExitCode(0);
14}

預期確認

當撰寫預期答案為「yes」或「no」確認的指令時，可以使用 expectsConfirmation 方法：

1$this->artisan('module:import')
2    ->expectsConfirmation('Do you really wish to run this command?', 'no')
3    ->assertExitCode(1);
1$this->artisan('module:import')
2    ->expectsConfirmation('Do you really wish to run this command?', 'no')
3    ->assertExitCode(1);

預期表格

若指令使用 Artisan 的 table 方法來以表格顯示資訊，則要為整個表格撰寫預期的輸出可能很麻煩。因此可以改用 expectsTable 方法來代替。該方法接收表格的標頭作為其第一個引數，以及表格的資料作為其第二引數：

1$this->artisan('users:all')
2    ->expectsTable([
3        'ID',
4        'Email',
5    ], [
6        [1, '[email protected]'],
7        [2, '[email protected]'],
8    ]);
1$this->artisan('users:all')
2    ->expectsTable([
3        'ID',
4        'Email',
5    ], [
6        [1, '[email protected]'],
7        [2, '[email protected]'],
8    ]);

Console 事件

預設情況下，在執行測試時，不會分派 Illuminate\Console\Events\CommandStarting 與 Illuminate\Console\Events\CommandFinished 事件。不過，只要在測試類別中加入 Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithConsoleEvents Trait，就可以啟用這些測試：

1<?php
2 
3use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithConsoleEvents;
4 
5uses(WithConsoleEvents::class);
6 
7// ...
1<?php
2 
3use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithConsoleEvents;
4 
5uses(WithConsoleEvents::class);
6 
7// ...

 1<?php
 2 
 3namespace Tests\Feature;
 4 
 5use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithConsoleEvents;
 6use Tests\TestCase;
 7 
 8class ConsoleEventTest extends TestCase
 9{
10    use WithConsoleEvents;
11 
12    // ...
13}
 1<?php
 2 
 3namespace Tests\Feature;
 4 
 5use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithConsoleEvents;
 6use Tests\TestCase;
 7 
 8class ConsoleEventTest extends TestCase
 9{
10    use WithConsoleEvents;
11 
12    // ...
13}